THE EVOLUTION OF THEORIES OF COMPETITIVENESS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN ENHANCING THE EFFICIENCY OF DAIRY CATTLE PRODUCTION IN UKRAINE

Abstract

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of competitiveness theories, tracing their development from classical approaches to modern institutional and innovation-evolutionary concepts, with a particular emphasis on the practical applications of these concepts for enhancing the efficiency of dairy cattle production in Ukraine. It is substantiated that the traditional theories of absolute and comparative advantages offered a methodological foundation for studying specialization and the formation of international trade; however, their explanatory capacity is limited under the conditions of globalization and European integration processes. The paper demonstrates that modern theories, particularly M. Porter’s “diamond model” and the factor approaches of Heckscher–Ohlin, enable a comprehensive assessment of competitiveness determinants, considering not only natural resources but also institutional frameworks, technological innovations, human capital, and the clustering of production. Special attention is given to the specifics of dairy cattle farming in Ukraine, which combines comparative advantages (availability of feed resources, land, and labor) with several structural constraints (investment deficit, technological backwardness, and insufficient institutional support). It is argued that strengthening the competitiveness of dairy products is possible through the comprehensive integration of provisions from various theories, including the use of resource-based and factor approaches, the implementation of innovative technologies, the digitalization of production processes, and the creation of agri-food clusters. The practical significance of this study lies in identifying methodological principles for developing a strategy that enhances the competitiveness of Ukraine’s dairy cattle sector in European and global markets. This strategy combines the development of the resource base, attraction of investments, institutional stability, and innovation-driven growth. The proposed approach offers opportunities to harmonize national agricultural policy with European market requirements, promote export diversification, and foster sustainable growth in the sector's economic performance.