CURRENT TRENDS OF WORLD ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AND ENERGY SECURITY OF UKRAINE

Abstract

The article analyzes conceptual approaches to the formalization of the concept of "energy security", provides the components of national security, which is mostly ensured by the state of economic security of the state. The dynamics of indicators of the transition to renewable energy sources and their fate in the country's energy mix are given. The main approaches to the concept of regulation of energy security 3АС have been systematized. An overview of current trends in world energy development, regional distribution of the energy consumption market is given. The dynamics of energy consumption by world region in the period 1990–2022 are presented. The structural transformation of the global coal market is characterized, and the leaders among coal exporting countries and their shares in the global market are presented. The author's conclusions on the problems and prospects of the global energy market are systematized and presented. Reasons and tools for silencing the gas sector of the aggressor country are substantiated, such as the technological impossibility of rapid diversification. However, it was found that the coal and oil sectors of the economy were not covered by the sanctions instruments of the international community. The prospects for signing a package of agreements to support the implementation of the investment project "Ukraine - Increasing the stability of the energy system for the European integration of the energy grid", which provides for the installation of hybrid systems for power generation at PrJSC "Ukrhydroenergo" (UGE), have been outlined. It is noted that the concept and design of the project are based on the most modern technology of the combined operation of existing hydroelectric power units and energy storage systems (ESS) to ensure a quick response to frequency and power deviations in the UES of Ukraine, which will allow to extend the service life of hydropower units, reduce operating costs and generally improve reliability of the Ukrainian energy system. Thanks to the review of modern trends in the development of the energy sector of Ukraine, it was established that today the process of energy transition to significant structural transformations in energy systems, which lead to radical changes in energy supply and demand, energy balances and prices, has begun. New relations in the triangle "consumer - producer (transit, supplier) - state" require reformatting of energy policy, development of new tools for ensuring Ukraine's energy security, search for the optimal configuration of the energy system at each of the stages of this transition. The driving force behind these radical changes is society's demand for affordable and clean energy, prevention of climate change and environmental protection, reduction of inequality and well-being for all, that is, everything that corresponds to the national interests of Ukraine.