COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INNOVATION STRATEGIES IN GRAIN CLUSTERS OF THE USA, CHINA, AND UKRAINE

Abstract

The article presents a comparative analysis of innovative development strategies in grain clusters in the United States, China, and Ukraine for the period 2020–2024. The structural features of cluster formation, technological modernization, digitalization levels, mechanisms of state support, and adaptation to climate challenges are considered. Based on the analysis of publications and statistical data, the strengths and weaknesses of the implemented innovative strategies in each country are identified. In the USA, the emphasis is on precision agriculture, digital transformation, and support for agricultural startups. China has a systematic state policy for the development of smart agriculture, characterized by a high level of centralization and institutional coordination. In Ukraine, despite the fragmented implementation, positive developments have been recorded in the field of digitalization, technology transfer, and international technical assistance. The author offers practical recommendations for adapting effective international experience to the conditions of the Ukrainian agricultural sector. The directions for institutional strengthening, development of innovation infrastructure, and state stimulation necessary for forming a holistic innovation-cluster model of the grain industry's functioning have been identified.

In the USA and China, innovation strategies are implemented based on an integrated approach, which involves a high level of digitalization, intersectoral coordination, support for research infrastructure, and agricultural education. Ukraine, despite difficult external circumstances, has taken the first steps toward implementing an innovation-cluster model. However, these processes remain insufficiently systematic and require increased institutional, financial, and technical support. Therefore, to achieve sustainable and competitive development of the grain sector in Ukraine, it is necessary to transition from episodic measures to a strategically directed state policy that encompasses the entire range of innovation and cluster instruments for transforming the agricultural sector.