CONSEQUENCES OF STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN LAND USE OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES: ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31891/mdes/2022-5-29Keywords:
land use, land resources, land resources management, land degradation, land reclamation, fertilizers, pesticidesAbstract
The article examines the ecological aspects of the consequences of structural changes in land use of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine. The negative consequences of inefficient management of land resources are analyzed, in particular, a decrease in soil fertility, an increase in soil erosion, acidity, salinity and, as a result, a lack of harvest of agricultural crops.
The main indicators that lead to the deterioration of soil quality are highlighted, in particular, excessive application of mineral fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides and other means of plant protection. Thus, over the past 20 years, agricultural enterprises of Ukraine have significantly increased the amount of mineral fertilizers applied - almost 10 times: from 281.9 thousand tons in 2000 to 2584.1 thousand tons in 2021. Yes, in 2021 91.4% of the entire sown area was treated with plant protection products. The specific weight of the fertilized area in 2000 was 22% (4632.1 thousand ha), and in 2021 it was 92% (16732.1 thousand ha). If in 2000, 13 kg of nutrients were applied to 1 ha of crops, then in 2021 – 142 kg, i.e. 10 times more. Which are very high indicators. Despite the fact that during the analyzed period, the volume of organic fertilizers used for crops decreased by 37.1% in 2021 compared to 2000: from 10,721,000 tons to 28,410,100 tons. Also in recent years the number of pesticides used by agricultural enterprises has increased significantly. Thus, in 2021, 91.4% of the entire sown area was treated with plant protection products, which amounted to 16,644,000 ha
It was established that the main ecological aspect of the consequences of structural shifts in land use of agricultural enterprises is land degradation. It is emphasized that the content of humus in Ukrainian chernozems has reached extremely low values, according to which degradation of agrophysical properties occurs in the following years, which inevitably leads to the loss of arable land as a natural component of resource potential.
Such indicators of land degradation as: the total area of degraded land were identified and analyzed; areas of land to be conserved; areas of unproductive lands; areas of land in need of reclamation; humus content in soils.
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